What Is Electronegativity and How Does It Work

Electronegativity is the property of an atom which increases with its tendency to attract the electrons of a bond. If two bonded atoms have the same electronegativity values as each other, they share electrons equally in a covalent bond. Usually, the electrons in a chemical bond are more attracted to one atom (the more electronegative one) than to the other. This results in a polar covalent bond. If the electronegativity values are very different, the electrons arent shared at all. One atom essentially takes the bond electrons from the other atom, forming an ionic bond. Key Takeaways: Electronegativity Electronegativity is an atoms tendency to attract electrons to itself in a chemical bond.The most electronegative element is fluorine. The least electronegative or most electropositive element is francium.The greater the difference between atom electronegativity values, the more polar the chemical bond formed between them. Avogadro and other chemists studied electronegativity before it was formally named by  Jà ¶ns Jacob Berzelius in 1811. In 1932, Linus Pauling proposed an electronegativity scale based on bond energies. Electronegativity values on the Pauling scale are dimensionless numbers that run from about 0.7 to 3.98. The Pauling scale values are relative to the electronegativity of hydrogen (2.20). While the Pauling scale is most often used, other scales include the Mulliken scale, Allred-Rochow scale, Allen scale, and Sanderson scale. Electronegativity is a property of an atom within a molecule, rather than an inherent property of an atom by itself. Thus, electronegativity actually varies depending on an atoms environment. However, most of the time an atom displays similar behavior in different situations. Factors that affect electronegativity include the nuclear charge and the number and location of electrons in an atom. Electronegativity Example The chlorine atom has a higher electronegativity than the hydrogen atom, so the bonding electrons will be closer to the Cl than to the H in the HCl molecule. In the O2 molecule, both atoms have the same electronegativity. The electrons in the covalent bond are shared equally between the two oxygen atoms. Most and Least Electronegative Elements The most electronegative element on the periodic table is fluorine (3.98). The least electronegative element is cesium (0.79). The opposite of electronegativity is electropositivity, so you could simply say cesium is the most electropositive element. Note that older texts list both francium and cesium as least electronegative at 0.7, but the value for cesium was experimentally revised to the 0.79 value. There is no experimental data for francium, but its ionization energy is higher than that of cesium, so it is expected that francium is slightly more electronegative. Electronegativity as a Periodic Table Trend Like electron affinity, atomic/ionic radius, and ionization energy, electronegativity shows a definite trend on the periodic table. Electronegativity generally increases moving from left to right across a period. The noble gases tend to be exceptions to this trend.Electronegativity generally decreases moving down a periodic table group. This correlates with the increased distance between the nucleus and the valence electron. Electronegativity and ionization energy follow the same periodic table trend. Elements that have low ionization energies tend to have low electronegativities. The nuclei of these atoms dont exert a strong pull on electrons. Similarly, elements that have high ionization energies tend to have high electronegativity values. The atomic nucleus exerts a strong pull on electrons. Sources Jensen, William B. Electronegativity from Avogadro to Pauling: Part 1: Origins of the Electronegativity Concept. 1996, 73, 1. 11, J. Chem. Educ., ACS Publications, January 1, 1996. Greenwood, N. N. Chemistry of the Elements. A. Earnshaw, (1984). 2nd Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, December 9, 1997. Pauling, Linus. The Nature of the Chemical Bond. IV. The Energy of Single Bonds and the Relative Electronegativity of Atoms. 1932, 54, 9, 3570-3582, J. Am. Chem. Soc., ACS Publications, September 1, 1932. Pauling, Linus. The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals: An Introduction to Mode. 3rd Edition, Cornell University Press, January 31, 1960.

Annie John Relationship between Mother and Daughter

Annie John Annie John is an autobiography written by Jamaica Kincaid. In the Autobiography, Jamaica Kincaid plays Annie John, and her mothers name is also Annie John. The Background of this novel is about the activity in the society of children on a small island named Antigua. Annie John is separated continuously from her mother throughout the story, due to her increasing rebellion, resulting in Annie moving to England to be free, just as the African Americans were emancipated from slavery. This story takes place starting with Annie Johns childhood and ending when she was a teenager. The story focuses on the relationship between mother and daughter. Annie John is very symbolic in comparing Annies freedom to the freedom of the†¦show more content†¦Her sickness could be compared with the struggle of slaves during their lives, as a test to their survival. Annies view of her mother could be compared to the way the slaves viewed their owners. The reconciliation between A nnie and her mother could be compared to the slaves beginning to work for their owners for pay after the emancipation. Annies departure from Antigua, and the imprisonment of her mother, could be compared to the end of slavery, and the slaves leaving the control of their owners. The main purpose of this autobiography is to inform the reader of the struggles that occur in mother daughter relationships during maturation and puberty. It also informs the reader about the purpose of a mother figure for a daughter in hard times of relationships and health. It is very effective in informing the reader by using small situations throughout a young girls childhood and teenage years. It also stresses the negative things that can occur and potentially a relationship between a mother and daughter if the mothers position is not played correctly. Another main point that the story brings out is that even though mothers and daughters can experience differences, those differences are able to be embraced and overcome. Eventually, these differences may result in a stronger relationship between the two. In conclusion, relationships may not be perfect. Sometimes relationships are not good at all; and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Strain of Mother-Daughter Relationships in Annie John1863 Words   |  8 Pagesof Mother-Daughter Relationships in Annie John Jamaica Kincaid accurately portrays how adolescence can strain mother- daughter relationships. The mother- daughter relationships are universal but it is not clear why we avoid the topic(Gerd). The father- daughter relationships and the mother- sons relationships are the issues mostly talked about. In Jamaica Kincaids novel, Annie John, she explains and gives insight into mother- daughter relationships. In Annie John, thereRead MoreEssay on The Mother-Daughter Relationship in Lucy by Jamaica Kincaid1452 Words   |  6 PagesThe mother-daughter relationship is a common topic throughout many of Jamaica Kincaids novels. It is particularly prominent in Annie John, Lucy, and Autobiography of my Mother. This essay however will explore the mother-daughter relationship in Lucy. Lucy tells the story of a young woman who escapes a West Indian island to North America to work as an au pair for Mariah and Lewis, a young couple, and their four girls. As in her other books—especially Annie John—Kincaid uses the mother-daughter relationshipRead MoreNegotiating Halls Caribbean Identity in Kincaids Annie John3215 Words   |  13 Pagesin Kincaids Annie John In his article Negotiating Caribbean Identities, Stuart Hall attempts to relay to the reader the complications associated with assigning a single cultural identity to the Caribbean people. 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Attending school at a young age, Mansfield went to Wellington GC as well as Miss Swainson’s private school before being sent to Queen’s college in London for

Analyze the Risks and Find Mitigation Plan †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analyze the Risks and Find Mitigation Plan. Answer: Introduction The approach or technique which are being adopted by the project manager to manage its three constraints of any project from getting overrun of schedule, then extra expenditure and not matching the quality standards with the available number of resources is called the risk management[1]. Background Silicon Forest State University (SFSU) has many different departments, among all OIT (Office of Information Technology) looks about the Information technology systems. Currently, SFSU was facing the problem in managing the proper track of their ticketing system which is being used to communicate and keep track regarding the issues which are faced on daily basis. So they decided to scrap is old software and configure the new one which is already present in the system but in very few departments only. So for the above discussed job Ron Bashley was selected as the team leader and Harry Bonnett along with Bob Biyon shall support him. Risk Management Plan The procedure developed to handle the situation in case some risks occurs, that what need to be done whether shall accept it, divert it, share it or many more on the basis of pre studied the issue or the opportunities which can be enhanced but using the proper technique is basically the risk management plan. The details and all the steps of the plan shall be discussed with proper examples in below sections[2]. The very first step in the process is to identify the positive and negative risks and then analyze it properly by putting the numbers on the severity and the likelihood of the risk. Accordingly they are categorized and the mitigation plan is developed. Identify Risk Risks of any project can be identified in to two broad categories positive and negative risks[3]. So below table shows the identified risk in the current case with the originators name and date it was first identified. Risk / Opportunity Identification Number Date Logged Raised By Status Type Description and Cause 1 15/08/2017 Bob Biyon Open Opportunity There is the opportunity in the project to finish at the earliest and start using the new ticketing system, this will reduce the risk of down time 2 16/08/2017 Ron Bashley Open Risk There is risk that the communication structure during the project stage fails and no bugs tracker remains stand 3 22/08/2017 Ron Bashley Open Risk There is risk that the installed software 'Request Tracker' could not be configured properly in new areas 4 24/08/2017 Pike Gresham Open Risk There is a risk of few left out information or expectations are missed out and may come up during project execution phase 5 24/08/2017 Harry Bonnett Open Risk there is a risk from the back end of receiving some errored message from user and the action would have taken n thr basis of bug received can harm the system. Table 1: Risk Identification Risk Analysis Now on the basis of the identified risks, the likelihood and the consequence of the risk shall be documented in below format to access the severity and probability of the risks in the project life cycle. Risk / Opportunity Analysis Number Date Logged Raised By Status Type Likelihood Consequence 1 15/08/2017 Bob Biyon Open Opportunity 3 3 2 16/08/2017 Ron Bashley Open Risk 2 5 3 22/08/2017 Ron Bashley Open Risk 3 5 4 24/08/2017 Pike Gresham Open Risk 3 4 5 24/08/2017 Harry Bonnett Open Risk 4 4 Table 2: Risk Analysis The above developed analysis table can be plotted in the likelihood Vs consequence block Risk response plan This step describes the way or procedure to eliminate threat or at least reduce its impact by having the home work done well before the risk occurs[4]. To just categorize, Risk No. 2, 3, 4 and 5 falls in High severity category but the opportunity No. 1 is in Medium category. Following actions can be taken to increase the opportunity and decrease the threat: Category: High Risk No. 2: in such case personally should meet to each other to resolve the issue Risk No. 3: the project must be insured with third party to share the risk Risk No. 4: need to incorporate in the risk register and do similar analysis Risk No. 5: regular basis both the team and members must meet Category: Medium Opportunity No. 1: the opportunity need to be enhanced Monitor and Control Risks This stage deals with the properly monitoring of identified risks at every review meeting, search for new risks need to go on and if something identified must be again routed through the same process to add in the register and check the proper implementation of risks[5]. Justification According to the developed risk matrix, the responses planned are the exact solution possible for the case. All the risks need to be properly monitored in every review meeting so that it remains on the head of every stakeholder so that they can act promptly Conclusion To conclude the whole report on developing the risk management plan, we need to first brainstorm and consider as much as risks which can impact the project in terms of schedule, cost or resources. After the identification are done proper analysis and then their mitigation plan and its monitoring need to be done throughout the project life cycle. References Institute of Risk Management. (2016) About Risk Management. [Online]. https://www.theirm.org/the-risk-profession/risk-management.aspxMichael Stanleigh. (2017) Risk Managementthe What, Why, and How. [Online]. https://bia.ca/risk-management-the-what-why-and-how/The MITRE Corporation. (2017) Risk Identification. [Online]. https://www.mitre.org/publications/systems-engineering-guide/acquisition-systems-engineering/risk-management/risk-identificationOneCampus. (2017) Plan Risk Responses. [Online]. https://www.greycampus.com/opencampus/project-management-professional/plan-risk-responsesWes Balakian. (2010, September) Applying the Risk Monitoring and Control Process. [Online]. https://project-management.truesolutions.com/2010/09/21/applying-the-risk-monitoring-and-control-process/

Label Studio free essay sample

The brochure very briefly outlines, some of the things that I consider to be paramount. I would have liked to have gone into more detail but the specified word count made it difficult to do so. However each section of the brochure does direct the reader to a website where more information on each of the subject matters can be obtained. For this part of the assignment I aim to write an evaluative reflection of the points raised in the brochure and discuss the necessity, usefulness and practicality of them. Some of the points, for example the business structure and employment law sections of the brochure have been intentionally left out as they are more general points as opposed to being specific to the music industry and I also felt that there was not a lot to be discussed in these areas in regard to their necessity, usefulness and practicality. I have also left out Intellectual Property, as it is such a difficult thing to keep on top of, although I will say that the practicality of enforcing it is very low. We will write a custom essay sample on Label Studio or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For each section below I have started with a table that shows the necessity, usefulness and practicality for each of the points I will discuss. * Necessity: Is this really necessary? * usefulness: How useful Is this to you as a record label? Practicality: How practical Is this to Implement? Scores range from 1 to 5 with 1 being the lowest. For example: not necessary at all, not useful at all or very difficult to Implement. 5 being the highest, for example: extremely necessary, extremely useful or extremely easy to Implement.Necessity I usefulness I Practicality PAT Testing 15 13 15 Fire Signs 15 15 1 5 Fire Alarm Checked Regularly 15 15 15 1 Ere law states that if you run a small, low risk business with less than 50 employees then you must have at least one HOSE qualified first eider on site at all times. This is obviously a necessity as well as being very useful in a recording studio because of the high volume of electrical equipment that is used.The practicality of this did not score a 5 in the table because of the fact that recording studios are often in use 24 hours a day which means that you need to have at least 3 qualified first eiders and one must be there at all times. Portable appliance testing (PAT) is a legal requirement for any company that has any type of electrical equipment in the workplace (even a kettle). Appliances should be tested by a person who is qualified to do so, no less than once a year.This is not particularly useful to a company unless somebody was to electrocute him or herself, but it is a necessity as well as being easily implemented. In the brochure I also mentioned risk assessments. These were only brief and only aimed at carrying out a risk assessment in the office studio. If this were applied to a live concert situation then there would be a lot more to consider (Information Obtained from Example risk assessment for a nightclub. (Appendix 1). Falls from height * Slips, trips and falls * Electricity * Noise * Violence * Glazing and mirrors * Gas Hypodermic needles * Manual handling * Transport * CO Leakage * Pyrotechnics * Lasers * Smoke and fog * Hanging drapes inflatables NOISE LEGISLATION I Necessity I Usefulness I Practicality I Safe Noise Levels In A Studio | 5 13 1 2 As mentioned in the brochure, it can be damaging to the ear to listen to music for prolonged amounts of time at a high volume.Therefore it is of course necessary to at least attempt to keep the music to a safe level. This can be difficult to implement for arioso reasons. Some Rock bands might like to listen to there songs loud and as they re paying customers in your studio it is difficult to say no to them as they might decide to take their custom elsewhere in future. Also, drums are loud and there is not a lot that can really be done about that and when recording guitars it is sometimes necessary to drive the amps really hard to achieve the tone that you are looking for. Of course live rooms can be sound proofed but this does not help the person who is in the room being recorded. So although it is a necessity and its also ere useful to apply noise regulations in a studio, for safety reasons and of course so s not to annoy the neighbors, sometimes it can be difficult to do so. The key is to take regular break so as not to prolong the exposure. Nightclubs fall under the Control of noise at work Regulation (See Appendix 2).Clubs must have limiters on their sound system to keep them under a certain amount of decibels. This is the responsibility of the venue and not the organizer of the event, which makes it a lot more practical to implement. COPYRIGHT I Necessity I Usefulness I Practicality Registering With IMPACTS 15 15 1 Sample Clearance | 4 15 12 1 It is the record companies duty to make sure that song-writers (or publishers) get the none that is due to them whenever a copy of their music is sold. The AMPS Mechanical Copyright Protection Society), is the organization that collects this. In the days when this society was first formed, it was so called because it was based on the mechanical production of physical product like Cads and vinyl records. For every intended unit to be manufactured the AMPS would charge a set amount and then Issue a license which would then be presented to the pressing plant, allowing them to press the licensed amount. Today, with the advent of digital media, things work a little bit differently.It could be argued that because there is no mechanical process used when making an MPH, you should not have to pay for an AMPS license, but of course that isnt the case. Most reputable digital download shops, tunes included, automatically send payment to the AMPS when a song is sold, this is identified by the songs ISRC code and the money is allocated to the intended recipient. The figures in the above table are related to the new system, as it is a lot more pr actical to implement now. Also it is more accurate now as the label only pays for what it has actually sold, as opposed to owe many it pressed, as this could mean the song-writer receives a lot more money Sample clearance is a bit of a grey area, especially where dance music is concerned and there is a saying that goes if you get a hit youll get a writ, meaning that if you sell a couple of hundred copies you will probably never hear anything, but if you start selling big units then someone is going to come along and ask for their share, if you have illegally sampled them.Obviously if you steal the acceptable of a whole song it is worse than taking one bar of a simple drum loop, but either way, it is illegal. The legal way to go about it is to clear the sample by contacting the artist, label and publisher and hoping they will grant you permission to use it. But there is of course going to be a fee. Or you could use a company that specialize in sample clearance like Sample Clearance Services LTD. (http://www. C omplaisance. Mom) Sample-clearance companies usually charge a flat rate: for example, Sample Clearance Services web site states that their standard fees for sample clearance are IEEE-IEEE per clearance. Bear in mind that one sample may require two clearances: en for the sound recording and another for the publishing. (Salmon, 2008) So the question is, is there a necessity to clear samples, and the answer really is, it depends what it is. If it were a drum loop I would say that its not an issue because somewhere along the line, that drum loop has probably appeared on a royalty free sample CD.